It is the colorful tourist season again, and beautiful sandals are indispensable clothing at this time. Hat, once a symbol of privilege and status, has become a fashion accessory that everyone can enjoy.

Many scholars in the Confucius era wore handkerchiefs. Gorgeous headgear of European noble women. Hats used to be the symbol of ladies in Europe.

It is the colorful tourist season again, and beautiful sandals are indispensable clothing at this time. Hat, once a symbol of privilege and status, has become a fashion accessory that everyone can enjoy.
Ancient civilians can't wear hats
Now everyone can have a hat, and the color and style can be selected according to personal preferences, but in ancient times, wearing a hat is not so simple.
In ancient China, there were scarves without hats. People used scarves made of silk and hemp to wrap their heads or tie their hair in buns. Today, the "scarf" used by ethnic minorities in southwest China is a legacy of history. According to the historical book "The Jade Chapter", "A scarf is also a towel. It was originally used to wipe things, and later generations wore it on the head." It can be seen that the towel was originally a cloth used to wipe sweat around the neck during work. Due to the impact of sandstorm, extreme heat and cold current on humans in nature, people gradually wrapped the towel from the neck to the head, and gradually evolved into the form of a hat on the basis of practical functions such as heat preservation, sunstroke prevention, wind protection, rain protection, and head protection.
In the era of slave society, hats were only widely used in the bureaucratic ruling class at the beginning, but at that time people wore hats not to protect themselves from the cold, but to symbolize the ruling power and noble status. At this time, the hat should be called "crown" and "crown". Only emperors and ministers of civil and military affairs can wear it. At the beginning, the hat worn by emperors was called "crown", and the hat worn by scholar-bureaucrats was called "crown", indicating the size of their status and power, forming a bureaucratic order, which is the so-called ancient Chinese crown system. "Twenty adults, a scholar's crown, and a commoner's scarf" is mentioned in Shi Ming. It can be seen that only people above the scholar level can wear hats, and other civilians have no right to wear hats.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, scholars like Confucius and Mencius could not wear hats, but wrapped their heads with "handkerchiefs". They taught students to set up "the ambition of Xuan Mian". Xuan is a car, and the hat is a hat, which means to be an official. It can be seen that riding in a car and wearing a hat were the only privileges of officials at that time.
The official hat cannot but say the black hat. The black hat was originally a common cap among the people. The black hat worn by officials originated in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but as an integral part of the official dress, it began in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and added wings in the Song Dynasty. According to the official rank, there are differences in the material and style of the black hat. It is said that Zhao Kuangyin, the Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, issued an imperial edict to change the style of the "black hat" in order to prevent the courtiers from whispering during the meeting: add a wing on each side of the "black hat", so that as long as the head moves, the soft wing will flicker and tremble, and the emperor can see clearly from the top. Because the cap wing is one foot long, it will vibrate up and down when walking. In order to protect the cap wings from touching the cap, officials have developed the habit of walking carefully. Song Luyou's poem "Exploring the Plum" said, "But if you break the black hat, don't forget to blow down the golden boat."
In the Ming Dynasty, the "black gauze hat" was clearly included in the "three-piece suit of official clothing". It is recorded in the History of the Ming Dynasty · Public Suit III that "civil and military officials often wear clothes, and the third year of Hongwu decided that the official uniform should be a black hat, a T-shirt, and a corset." The black hat has officially become a synonym for being an official and an official.
Used to be an identity mark in Europe
If the hat was a symbol of power and status in ancient China, it was a symbol of status in Europe, where the hat has always been popular. In ancient Rome, hats were the symbol of free and legal citizens, and slaves could only wear cloth towels to keep warm and shade from the sun. In the Middle Ages, the Holy See decreed that people should cover their hair, so many simple and crude hat shapes began to appear. By the 17th century, hats had more obvious status symbols: citizens wore dark hats, yellow hats represented bankrupts, prisoners wore paper hats, kings wore gold crowns, and so on. At the same time, people began to worship the height above their heads in an exaggerated way.
In the 18th century, the relatives of the imperial family, in addition to the love of high hats, also advocated hair editing and wigs. It is said that professional hair editing workers at that time would first build hair ladders according to the needs of employers, and then weave them along the bamboo ladder. After weaving, appropriate hats and decorations will be designed on it. At that time, all kinds of things could be decorated on the brim of those hats that could not be wider, such as flowers, bird specimens, fruit baskets, etc. It seemed that everything in the world could be "piled up". Loose, bulky, colorful and easy to shape feathers became the best choice for hat decoration at that time. Feathers of different textures are made into hats of different shapes, and with curly hair, it is gorgeous.
How can such a heavy hat be fixed on the hair? The hatpin came into being. As the name implies, a hat pin is a long and straight decorative pin used to fix a hat on the hair. It appeared in the middle of the 18th century and was popular until the early 19th century. Elegant men and women would use this long pin to insert it on the brim of the hat to stabilize the huge hat.
During the World War II, people were busy with war or coping with life due to the lack of materials. Women in this era were bound by their age. Even the nobles chose simple hair curling, let alone the pursuit of hats. The hats began to return to simplicity. The hats in the shape of hats were like protective umbrellas covering the war, and were worn on women's hair buns.
At the end of the 20th century, the art of hats revived again. During that period, the most famous hat leader was Diana, Princess of England. Although the status of hats in the British royal family has never wavered, Princess Diana's lightness and youth when wearing hats overturned the stereotyped image of the royal family and became a fashion model in the hearts of ordinary girls. In addition to the young Diana, Queen Elizabeth, as the "hat queen" of the older generation, has also left a deep impression on the world. Queen Elizabeth has worn about 5000 hats since her accession to the throne. Each outfit must have a matching hat.
Leather hats were brought into the Central Plains by nomadic people
With the development of society, in the period of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the social turmoil led to the popularity of the crown of Confucian scholars and scholars among the people. Lu Ji of the Jin Dynasty said in the "Youren Fu" that "the cloud crown is used to die, and the cloud brown is used to stay". More importantly, at this time, the Hu people in the north brought a hat with practical significance - a leather hat with excellent heat preservation effect.
In fact, the history of fur hats is very long. In ancient times, people hunted "fur for fur". Like clothing, fur hats were made and worn to protect against heat and cold. After the general development of hunting industry, the northern nationalities began to make fur hats to protect themselves from the cold while making fur clothes. However, because the Central Plains is generally "sinicized", the leather hats of nomadic people have not become popular.
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, with the development of social productivity, the social atmosphere gradually opened, especially in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the special symbol of hat gradually faded, but it still gradually flowed to the people as a symbol of status. Ordinary scholars, rich businessmen and their children can wear hats, but there are still differences. There are prescribed styles. For example, the typical scholar hats and merchant hats were popular in the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. Ordinary people still use cloth to tie up and wrap their hair, which is called "square scarf".
During the Yuan Dynasty, the hats of the northern nomadic people finally began to become popular in the Central Plains. There were fur hats and felt hats. The hats worn by the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty were also made of precious fur and inlaid with jewels.
In the Ming Dynasty, the "crown system" of the Han people was restored. After the Qing Dynasty ruled the Central Plains, the emperor and the poor could wear hats. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, when Western culture was introduced, hats became popular in the society, from bureaucrats and businessmen to rickshaw drivers and beggars. It can be seen in the film and television dramas that the gentlemen attending the banquet wore noble hats, while the rickshaw pullers wore felt hats, and even beggars were putting money in hats.
4. Finally become the standard female fashion
From the historical evolution of hats, China's original crown can not be regarded as a real hat. Hats were introduced from the Hu people to the Central Plains, while modern hats were directly introduced from the West.
In ancient China, ordinary women did not wear hats. At the age of 15, women tied their hair and wore hairpins. They used "10000 women" to pull their hair at the back or bind up their hair for styling. The women who wore hats in ancient times, first, noble women such as empresses and concubines, had the privilege of wearing "phoenix crown" and "corolla"; There are also female officials who can wear hats, which is also a symbol of power and status.
In the Tang Dynasty, an improved hat, called "curtain hat", was popular among aristocratic women in the upper class. It was surrounded by gauze to prevent sand and mask the face and prevent strangers from peeping. It is equivalent to the black veil of women in the Islamic region today. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese women have mostly followed Western women in wearing hats. At first, they can be said to be a symbol of status. Later, they have become ornaments and practical goods.
Unlike China, European women wore hats very early and became very popular in the Middle Ages, because the church strictly required women at that time to cover their hair, and hats became their necessities and symbols of etiquette. In the 18th century, there even appeared "women's hat manufacturers". This word comes from Milan, Italy, because at this time Milan's handmade women's hats were the most famous and of the best quality. In that era, the relationship between female hat makers and customers was usually fixed, just like the relationship between some women and hairdressers today.
In modern society, wearing a trendy hat is the embodiment of fashion women's pursuit of beauty. In particular, the sandal worn in summer has become a necessary item for women's sunscreen decoration in summer. Nowadays, no matter the streets and alleys of the city, tourist resorts, or rural fields, a beautiful sandal is like a blooming flower, adding some color to the city and countryside.
the boundless world
British people love to wear hats
In movies, television and news, if there are scenes of British people, most of them are wearing hats. The wearing of hats by British people seems to be related to the weather. In Britain, the ultraviolet rays are particularly strong on sunny days, and the skin will soon be tanned; On overcast days, a few drops of light rain can't be moved. It's not worth holding an umbrella for those who want to get wet. It's cold to be bareheaded. So it's very necessary to prepare a hat to shade the sun on sunny days and block the rain on overcast days.
In Britain, hats can be regarded as "head" and other important things. What kind of hats should be worn on any occasion and what kind of identity should be worn are very particular. In major shopping malls in London, the hat counter is also a favorite place for British people. There are many gorgeous and even exaggerated hats, covered with gauze and feathers, some of which are only the size of palms, and some can cover half the face. Britons wear hats when attending activities, including weddings, funerals, birthday parties, and even listening to operas, speeches and boating competitions.
Many social customs in Britain are related to hats. If a man goes to visit a friend, he must take off his hat first after entering the house. When meeting an acquaintance in the street, a woman only needs to nod and smile or say hello to the acquaintance, but a man usually needs to take off his hat and salute. In the eyes of the British people, there are many things about wearing hats, but these things can only be understood by the authentic British people. Many foreign dignitaries' hats have been criticized. When the elder Bush and his wife visited Britain, Mrs. Bush's clothes were criticized by the local media because of the "wider brim".
Extraterritorial portrait
Mexico's "Second National Emblem"
Mexico has three major specialties: cactus, pyramid and straw hat. The most impressive thing is probably the big straw hat worn by Mexican fans in the World Cup. Where there are Mexicans, there are big straw hats, which is enough to show the status of straw hats in the hearts of the Mexican people.
Mexico is located in the tropics and subtropics with high temperature, which is suitable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Two of the three major civilizations of American Indians appeared here (Maya civilization and Aztec civilization). Mexicans like their big straw hats and often show them to the world. When Mexico hosted the 9th World Cup in 1970, the mascot "Juanta" determined by the organizers was a little boy wearing a Mexican straw hat and a football shirt. It can be said that the big straw hat is Mexico's "second national emblem" in a sense. As an integral part of the national costume, the straw hat records the history of Mexico from a specific perspective, reflects the social life and customs of the country, and reflects the characteristics of Mexicans.
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A straw hat can sell for tens of thousands of dollars
If you ask someone "where is the Panama straw hat made", the answer is nine out of ten that it is made in Panama. In fact, Panama straw hat is produced in Ecuador and is an important export handicraft of Ecuador. In 2012, this Ecuadorian specialty was listed in the list of intangible cultural heritage of mankind by UNESCO.
Although the Panama straw hat is made of simple materials, it is expensive because of its exquisite craftsmanship. The best straw hat often takes more than 3 months to make. The top Panama straw hat is famous for its flexibility. It can be rolled into an oblique triangular cylinder like a piece of white paper, stored in a cylindrical box, and then opened when it is worn. It will not be deformed, and will not have any wrinkles. This is also one of the important features of distinguishing Panama straw hat.
The Panama straw hat is divided into 20 grades, with prices ranging from tens of dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. A good Panama straw hat must be hand-woven from Ecuador's Dokilia grass.